Most news pieces, documentary interviews or corporate videos these days do not feature a reporter asking questions. We generally only use shots of the interviewee giving statemented answers
To to be able to extract such statemented answers from your interviewee you have to avoid the use of closed questions, that is to say, any question that can be answered with a single word or short phrase, usually "Yes" or "No". So avoid starting questions with "Can you....., Are you..., Will you..."etc.
The simplest way is to not ask any questions at all, but rather to say something along the lines of..... "Tell me about...." or "What, in your own words......" or "Describe the......"
The second rule is to LISTEN to what the interview is saying and stop them when they start to answer with......"Yes, I......" or "As I said....." or "As you know.....".
Sometimes your guest may ramble on and on in the most descriptive fashion but you may be wanting to produce a really short finished piece. The solution here is to get them to repeat what they have just said in a more succinct way, explaining to them that you can only use short answers in your film.
Know your subject - Make sure you do some research beforehand so that you know something about the subject and come armed with all the right questions. Use who, what, where, when, why and how as a guide.
Know when to shut up. Don't vocalise your agreement or disagreement when the guest is speaking. Let them finish. You cannot edit out any vocalisations or noises that you are making over the top of the answers.
At the beginning of the interview, whilst you are getting a level check for sound, make sure you are recording and ask the guest to tell you their name and job title, and ask them to spell their name. When you get to the edit suite, you than have all the details you need recorded on camera, rather than on a piece of paper that you mislaid on your way back from the shoot and, you have the correct spellings.
CLEARANCE!!!
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